Sarotherodon galilaeus ( mango tilapia)

(Source: Fishbase, 2020)

Scientific Name: Sarotherodon galilaeus

Common Name:  mango tilapia

Genus: Sarotherodon

Species: galilaeus

Ijaw Name: Otoin

Family: Cichlidae

Habitat: Lakes

Gear Type: Fishing Traps

Season of Occurrence: Raining season

Description: The Mango tilapia is a large cichlid found throughout Africa and parts of the Middle East. Growing up to 41 cm (about 16 inches) and reaching weights around 1.6 kg, this species occupies various freshwater and brackish environments, from rivers and lakes to Saharan oases. Its adaptability extends to colder waters, tolerating temperatures as low as 9°C (48°F), which is unusual for many tropical fish. The mango tilapia typically has a bluish-grey color with faint vertical bars and a more distinct coloration on the fins, including a slight "tilapia spot" on its dorsal fin. Behaviorally, Sarotherodon galilaeus engages in a unique breeding strategy known as mouthbrooding, where parents (either singly or as pairs) carry fertilized eggs in their mouths to protect them. Unlike other tilapia, this species is relatively solitary and territorial, with adults preferring open water while juveniles and breeding adults stay nearshore. Their diet primarily consists of algae and fine organic debris, contributing to the health of their freshwater ecosystems.