Heterotis niloticus ( Bony tongue, African arowana)

(Source: Fishbase, 2019)

Scientific Name: Heterotis niloticus

Common Name: Bony tongue, African arowana

Genus: Heterotis

Species: niloticus

Ijaw Name: Ekeu

Family: Arapaimidae

Habitat: Rivers,lakes

Gear Type: Fishing Nets/Hooks

Season of Occurrence: Rainy season

Description: The African Arowana, is a unique freshwater fish native to West and Central Africa, found in slow-moving rivers and floodplains. This species has a long, streamlined body, reaching up to 90 cm (about 36 inches), and its coloration varies from silver-gray to olive, with a metallic sheen. It is a filter feeder, primarily consuming plankton, small insects, and crustaceans by sifting through water and mud, using its tongue and gill rakers to trap food. In terms of behavior, Heterotis niloticus is relatively peaceful but may exhibit territorial tendencies toward similar species. It thrives in water with temperatures between 24°C and 30°C (75-86°F) and a pH level of around 6.7 to 7.5. As juveniles, they can live in large tanks with ample swimming space, but as adults, they generally require pond-like conditions due to their size. This species is challenging to breed in captivity as it requires specific natural conditions, including constructing elaborate nests for spawning during its breeding season in the wild. Heterotis niloticus has some distinct care needs and is best suited for large, well-managed aquariums or ponds. It is also known for being easily startled, which can lead to self-injury if not handled carefully in enclosed spaces.